To show that this does fix #56177:

$ julia +pr56239 -E 'Base.current_image_targets()'
Base.ImageTarget[znver4; flags=0; features_en=(sse3, pclmul, ssse3, fma, cx16, sse4.1, sse4.2, movbe, popcnt, aes, xsave, avx, f16c, fsgsbase, bmi, avx2, bmi2, avx512f, avx512dq, adx, avx512ifma, clflushopt, clwb, avx512cd, sha, avx512bw, avx512vl, avx512vbmi, pku, avx512vbmi2, shstk, gfni, vaes, vpclmulqdq, avx512vnni, avx512bitalg, avx512vpopcntdq, rdpid, sahf, lzcnt, sse4a, prfchw, mwaitx, xsavec, xsaves, clzero, wbnoinvd, avx512bf16)]

avx512 features are there, unlike in #56177 (comment) with julia v1.11.1.

I still don't have an answer to why this change resolves the issue, but setting up the JIT targets correctly is good anyway, since it was broken in previous versions.

@Vobarkun can you please test that this fully solves the issue for you? I could only check the avx512 features, I don't think I have currently access to a heterogeneous system where I can replicate your issue, but if the problem you had was basically due to the wrong features detection (which would explain why the incompatible pkgimage wasn't rejected) then we should be good.

Yes, this appears to fix it. The features are now detected correctly also for me and the cache file gets properly rejected.